Despite the international acknowledgment, comprehensive progress on clean water access has been elusive.

According to a 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) report on water inequalities, one in every three people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water, while 3 billion people do not have hand-washing facilities – a basic sanitation need.

This situation disproportionately affected vulnerable communities such as those with low-income levels.

It is worth emphasizing that this gap is not only occurring in low-income communities in developing countries but also those in wealthier countries.